Construction of a Predictive Model for the Efficacy of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Macular Edema Patients Based on OCT Imaging: A Retrospective Study

Tingting Song ^1,2 Boyang Zang ^3* Chui Kong ⁴ Xifang Zhang ^5,6 Huihui Luo ^7* Wenbin Wei ^5,6* Zheqing Li ^1,2*

• ¹ Shijingshan Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
• ² Department of ophthalmology, Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing, China
• ³ School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China
• ⁴ School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
• ⁵ Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
• ⁶ Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology ＆ Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
• ⁷ Foshan Aier Zhuoyue Eye Hospital, ,Foshan, China

Background: Macular edema (ME) is an ophthalmic disease that poses a serious threat to human vision.Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy has become the first-line treatment for ME due to its safety and high efficacy. However, there are still cases of refractory macular edema and non-responding patients. Therefore, it is crucial to develop automated and efficient methods for predicting therapeutic outcomes.We have developed a predictive model for the surgical efficacy in ME patients based on deep learning and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, aimed at predicting the treatment outcomes at different time points. This model innovatively introduces group convolution and multiple convolutional kernels to handle multidimensional features based on traditional attention mechanisms for visual recognition tasks, while utilizing spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) to combine and extract the most useful features. Additionally, the model employs ResNet50 as a pre-trained model, integrating multiple knowledge through model fusion.Result: Our proposed model demonstrated the best performance across various experiments. In the ablation study, the model achieved an F1 score of 0.9937, an MCC of 0.7653, an AUC of 0.9928, and an ACC of 0.9877 in the test conducted on the first day after surgery. In comparison experiments, the ACC of our model was 0.9930 and 0.9915 in the first and the third months post-surgery, respectively, with AUCs of 0.9998 and 0.9996, significantly outperforming other models. In conclusion, our model consistently exhibited superior performance in predicting outcomes at various time points, validating its excellence in processing OCT images and predicting post-operative efficacy.Through precise prediction of the response to Anti-VEGF therapy in ME patients, deep learning technology provides a revolutionary tool for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, significantly enhancing treatment outcomes and improving patients' quality of life.