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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapy
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1464274
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 Mortality: A retrospective study
Provisionally accepted
Yaohua Hu 1
You Lu 2 Jiagui Dong 1 Delin Xia 1 Jin Li 1 Hong Wang 1 Min Rao 1 Chenxing Wang 1 Wanning Tong 1*- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army Naval of China, Shanghai, China
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
Background: The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated urgent characterization of prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological and clinical predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 123 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression were used to assess the independent factors with survival time. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: The cohort exhibited a mortality rate of 49.6% (61/123), with critical clinical type (HR=7.970, p=0.009), leukocytosis (HR=3.408, p=0.006), and lymphopenia (HR=0.817, p=0.038) emerging as independent predictors of reduced survival. Critical-type patients demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers (neutrophils: 10.41±6.23×10⁹/L; CRP: 104.47±29.18 mg/L) and coagulopathy (D-dimer: 5.21±2.34 μg/mL) compared to non-critical cases. Deceased patients exhibited pronounced metabolic derangements, including hyperglycemia (9.81±2.07 mmol/L) and hepatic dysfunction (ALP: 174.03±30.13 U/L).Conclusion: We revealed the epidemiological and clinical features of different clinical types of SARS-CoV-2 as summarized in this paper. We found that critical type, leukocyte and lymphocyte are risk factors that affect survival time, which could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of Covid-19 patients.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, d-dimer, COVID-19, Epidemiology, leukocyte
Received: 17 Aug 2024; Accepted: 25 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hu, Lu, Dong, Xia, Li, Wang, Rao, Wang and Tong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Wanning Tong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army Naval of China, Shanghai, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.