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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Med.
Sec. Pulmonary Medicine
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1515961

Trends and levels of the global, regional, and national burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021

Provisionally accepted
Le Liu Le Liu *Chen Li Chen Li *Jing Cai Jing Cai *Renjing Kong Renjing Kong *Yanjiao Wang Yanjiao Wang *Yi Wang Yi Wang *Shuang Li Shuang Li *Junkun Zhan Junkun Zhan *Youshuo Liu Youshuo Liu *
  • Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive lung disease that significantly impairs patients' health and imposes heavy clinical and economic burdens. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological analysis on the global burden and trends of PAH. Methods: We estimated the prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of PAH from 1990 to 2021 using the results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). The average annual percentage changes were used to estimate the trends of PAH across 21 regions and 204 countries and territories. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the number of prevalent cases and deaths associated with PAH worldwide increased by 81.5% and 48.4%. However, the age-standardized prevalence rate of PAH remained relatively stable, while the agestandardized mortality rate and DALYs declined. In 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate of PAH was 2.28 per 100,000, with 1.78 per 100,000 in males and 2.75 per 100,000 in females. The age-standardized mortality rate of PAH globally was 0.27 per 100,000, and the age-standardized DALYs was 8.24 per 100,000. Among the 21 regions, Western Europe had the highest agestandardized prevalence rate (3.56 per 100,000), while North Africa and the Middle East had the highest age-standardized mortality rate (0.44 per 100,000) and DALYs (14.81 per 100,000). Additionally, older individuals and females are at higher risk of PAH. The age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs associated with PAH increase with age, peaking in the 95+ age group. As the sociodemographic index increased, the age-standardized prevalence rates showed an upward trend, while both the age-standardized mortality rates and DALYs exhibited a downward trend. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2021, the overall trend of PAH burden presents regional and national variations and differs by age, sex, and sociodemographic index. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing targeted interventions to alleviate the burden of PAH.

    Keywords: disease burden, pulmonary arterial hypertension, Epidemiology, Prevalence, sociodemographic index

    Received: 23 Oct 2024; Accepted: 28 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Liu, Li, Cai, Kong, Wang, Wang, Li, Zhan and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Le Liu, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Chen Li, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Jing Cai, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Renjing Kong, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Yanjiao Wang, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Yi Wang, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Shuang Li, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Junkun Zhan, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
    Youshuo Liu, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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