AUTHOR=Zheng Xiaozhuo , Lu Lixiong , Ma Mengyi , Lei Xiaofeng 

TITLE=Effect of prophylactic noninvasive oxygen therapy after planned extubation on extubation failure in high-risk patients: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1481083

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2024.1481083

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Extubation failure (EF) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in high-risk patients. However, the efficacy of prophylactic noninvasive oxygen therapy (NIT), including noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), in reducing EF in high-risk patients remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of post-extubation prophylactic NIT on EF in high-risk patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the ICU from March 2018 to December 2023. We included adult patients at high risk for reintubation who were mechanically ventilated for over 24 h and successfully passed the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Immediately after extubation, patients underwent NIT or conventional oxygenation therapy (COT). The primary outcome was the EF rate within 7 days after extubation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There were 440 patients in the NIT group and 274 in the COT group. After propensity-score matching, 227 subjects were enrolled in each group. NIT reduced the rate of EF (18.0% vs. 34.3%, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) and reintubation (10.5% vs. 18.2% <italic>p</italic> = 0.003) compared with COT, which was confirmed in propensity-matched cohort (17.6% vs. 32.2%, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001; 11.5% vs. 19.8%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that prophylactic NIT (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001) and higher ROX index (<italic>p</italic> = 0.022) were associated with reduced risk of EF. While higher fluid balance (<italic>p</italic> = 0.013), higher RSBI (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and the occurrence of delirium (<italic>p</italic> = 0.032) may be the risk factors for EF. Subgroup analysis showed that post-extubation NIT was more effective in elderly patients, and HFNC was non-inferior to NIV in reducing EF. While HFNC had a tendency to reduce the incidence of delirium.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Post-extubation prophylactic NIT is effective in reducing EF in high-risk patients, especially in the elderly patients. HFNC is an alternative treatment to NIV. Fluid balance, RSBI, ROX index, and delirium are associated with the occurrence of EF.</p></sec>