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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Med.
Sec. Hepatobiliary Diseases
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1446271

Menopausal characteristics and hormone replacement therapy in relation to long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women

Provisionally accepted
Guanjun Ding Guanjun Ding 1Wei Jiang Wei Jiang 2Jie-Qiong Lyu Jie-Qiong Lyu 3Jie Ma Jie Ma 3Guochong Chen Guochong Chen 3Furong Li Furong Li 4Si-Jia Yang Si-Jia Yang 5Mengyuan Miao Mengyuan Miao 3*Yong-Fei Hua Yong-Fei Hua 2
  • 1 The Second Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 9 Hospital, Ningbo, China
  • 2 Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
  • 3 School of Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
  • 4 Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
  • 5 Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Women are known to be at higher risk for gallbladder disease than men, suggesting a role of female hormones in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease. This study aimed to assess menopausal characteristics, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and their joint effect on longterm risk of cholecystectomy in women.Methods: A total of 184,677 women were included from the UK Biobank. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of menopausal characteristics and HRT with risk of cholecystectomy. The joint influence of HRT use and the status and type of menopause on incident cholecystectomy were further evaluated.Results: During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 4991 incident cases of cholecystectomy were identified. Natural menopause, regardless of menopausal age, was not associated with risk of cholecystectomy, while surgical menopause at a young age was associated with a higher risk of cholecystectomy. Ever use of HRT was associated with a higher risk of cholecystectomy. In particular, women who were surgically-menopausal and started HRT before menopause had the highest risk for cholecystectomy (hazard ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.70-3.04), when compared with women who were naturally-menopausal and never used HRT.Early surgical menopause and ever use of HRT was independently associated with the risk of cholecystectomy.

    Keywords: Cholecystectomy, gallbladder disease, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Menopausal characteristics, cohort study

    Received: 22 Jun 2024; Accepted: 11 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Ding, Jiang, Lyu, Ma, Chen, Li, Yang, Miao and Hua. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Mengyuan Miao, School of Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China

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