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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Hematology
Volume 11 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1443596
Pathogen Detection by Targeted next-generation Sequencing Test in adult Hematological Malignancies patients with Suspected Infections
Provisionally accepted- 1 Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- 2 Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- 3 Department of Hematology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
Background: Infections in patients with hematological malignancies (HM) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Timely and effective empirical anti-infective treatment can reduce the infection-related mortality rate. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) offers a rapid diagnostic approach for identifying diverse pathogens in these patients. However, relevant research is still limited to adult patients with HM.We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult HM patients admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to September 2023, focusing on their clinical characteristics and the results of both tNGS and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). We evaluated the performance of tNGS and CMTs in pathogenic diagnosis and described the distribution characteristics of pathogens in adult HM patients with infections.The study included 209 samples collected from 137 patients. Results showed that the overall pathogen detection rate differed significantly between tNGS and CMTs (60.3% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.001). The sensitivity (69.7% vs. 35.9%), negative predictive value (NPV) (48.2% vs. 42.4%), and accuracy (66.5% vs. 56.5%) of pathogen detection were notably superior with tNGS compared to CMTs. Among the 142 samples with clinically diagnosed infections, tNGS combined with CMTs identified a definite or probable microbial etiology in 114 samples (80.3%). Of the 36 samples with concordant positive results from both tNGS and CMTs, 72.2% (26/36) exhibited full or partial agreement. Our study further showed the highest detection rate for viral infections (57.0%), predominantly for Epstein-Barr virus (DNA-V, 18.3%). Followed by bacterial infections (46.5%), the detection rate of Gram-negative bacteria (G+, 35.9%) was higher than that of Gram-positive bacteria (G-, 21.8%) in this study. Klebsiella pneumoniae (G-, 12.7%) had the highest detection rate among these emerging bacteria, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-, 10.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (G+, 7.7%). Bacterial-viral coinfections were the most common type of mixed infection (35.5%).In conclusion, tNGS outperforms CMTs in both sensitivity and pathogen spectrum.Therefore, it can serve as an adjunct to CMTs to facilitate the precise adjustment of anti-infective regimens for adult HM patients. Our findings establish a basis for formulating empirical antiinfective therapy strategies tailored to the pathogen distribution in this patient population.
Keywords: Hematological malignancies 1, Infections 2, Targeted next-generation sequencing 3, Conventional microbiological tests 4, Pathogenic detection 5
Received: 04 Jun 2024; Accepted: 10 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Xu, Cui, Wang, Nan, Yang, Bai and Shi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yanliang Bai, Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
Mingyue Shi, Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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