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REVIEW article
Front. Med.
Sec. Hematology
Volume 11 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1408816
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in ATLS/ACLS Resuscitative Management of Acutely Ill or Severely Injured Patients with Severe Anemia: A Review
Provisionally accepted- LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, United States
For short periods of time, even without the presence of red blood cells, hyperbaric oxygen can safely allow plasma to meet the oxygen delivery requirements of a human at rest. By this means hyperbaric oxygen, in special instances, may be used as a bridge to lessen blood transfusion requirements. Hyperbaric oxygen, applied intermittently, can readily avert oxygen toxicity while meeting the body's oxygen requirements. In acute injury or illness, accumulated oxygen debt is shadowed by adenosine triphosphate debt. Hyperbaric oxygen efficiently provides superior diffusion distances of oxygen in tissue, over and above that provided by breathing normobaric oxygen. Intermittent application of hyperbaric oxygen can resupply adenosine triphosphate for energy for gene expression for reparative and anti-inflammatory cellular function. This advantageous effect is termed the hyperbaric oxygen paradox, much the same as intermittent normobaric oxygen has been used to elicit erythropoietin expression which has been termed the normobaric oxygen paradox. Reperfusion injury after ischemic insult can be ameliorated by hyperbaric oxygen administration. Oxygen toxicity can be averted by short hyperbaric oxygen exposure times with air breaks during treatments and also by lengthening the time between hyperbaric oxygen sessions as the treatment advances. Hyperbaric chambers can be assembled to provide everything available to a patient in modern-day intensive care units. The complication rate of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is very low. Accordingly, hyperbaric oxygen, when safely available in hospital settings, should be considered as an adjunct for the management of critically injured or ill patients with disabling anemia.
Keywords: Anemia, Normobaric oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen, Adenosine Triphosphate, Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Advanced trauma life support, oxygen debt, normobaric oxygen paradox
Received: 28 Mar 2024; Accepted: 19 Aug 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Van Meter. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Keith Van Meter, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, United States
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