AUTHOR=Wang Shifu , Yang Shangmin , Ma Jing , Zhang Chunyan , Li Zheng , Wang Mengyuan , Yu Wenwen , Liu Guohua 

TITLE=The first child with mixed invasive pulmonary Mucor and Aspergillus infection: a case report and literature review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1387278

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2024.1387278

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Coinfections or consecutive infections of <italic>Mucor</italic> and <italic>Aspergillus</italic> are exceedingly uncommon in children, we report the case to offer the valuable experience for colleagues facing similar situations.</p></sec><sec><title>Case report</title><p>This report documents the first recorded case of successful treatment for pulmonary mixed infection in a diabetic girl. Initially, the patient underwent treatment based on voriconazole, but the infection continued to deteriorate. Subsequently, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were conducted, leading to a clear diagnosis of simultaneous infection by <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic> and <italic>Rhizopus microsporus</italic>. Susceptibility testing revealed fungal resistance to voriconazole. Therefore, a combined treatment regimen of AmB liposomes and isavuconazole effectively eradicated the fungal infection.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This case underscores the importance of early and precise identification of fungal pathogens, determination of effective antifungal medications, and timely implementation of well-planned therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we comprehensively reviewed 10 cases of pulmonary mixed infections involving <italic>Mucor</italic> and <italic>Aspergillus</italic>, summarizing their characteristics and identifying commonalities.</p></sec>