AUTHOR=Lee Chia-Yi , Yang Shun-Fa , Lian Ie-Bin , Chang Yu-Ling , Jhan Yan-Ni , Chang Chao-Kai 

TITLE=The lifestyle and nutritional factors for dry eye disease in depression population: a retrospective case–control study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1376938

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2024.1376938

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p>We aim to evaluate lifestyle and nutritional factors that lead to dry eye disease (DED) in a depressed population using data from the Taiwan BioBank (TWB).</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>A retrospective case–control study was conducted, and patients with depression based on a questionnaire were selected as the depression group. Each patient in the depression group was matched by age and sex to two individuals without depression, and a total of 3,754 and 7,508 patients constituted the depression and non-depression groups, respectively. Based on the questionnaire, the primary outcome was the presence of DED. Additionally, the chi-square test and interaction test were applied to survey the effect of lifestyle and nutritional factors on DED in the depression and non-depression groups.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>There were 822 (21.90%) and 958 (12.76%) DED patients in the depression and non-depression groups, respectively, and the incidence of DED was significantly higher in the depression group (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). In terms of lifestyle and nutritional factors in the depression population, a higher rate of chronic pain and a sedentary lifestyle were observed than in the patients with depression without DED (both <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). According to the interaction test, the chronic pain (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0227) and sedentary lifestyle (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0002) were significant risk factors for DED presence in the depression group than in the non-depression group, while the persistent coffee consumption (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0005) and tea consumption (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0003) were significant protective factors for the DED exclusively for the depression group and not for the non-depression group.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The depression population could be significantly benefited from physical activity, coffee intake and tea intake regarding DED development compared to the general population.</p></sec>