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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Med.
Sec. Ophthalmology
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1376938
This article is part of the Research Topic Dry Eye Disease Syndrome - Volume II View all 7 articles

The lifestyle and nutritional factors for dry eye disease in depression population: a retrospective case-control study

Provisionally accepted
Chia-Yi Lee Chia-Yi Lee 1Shun-Fa Yang Shun-Fa Yang 2Ie-Bin Lian Ie-Bin Lian 3Yuling Chang Yuling Chang 4Yan-Ni Jhan Yan-Ni Jhan 3Chao Kai Chang Chao Kai Chang 5*
  • 1 Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
  • 2 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taichung County, Taiwan
  • 3 National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan
  • 4 Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 5 Dayeh University, Dacun, Changhua County, Taiwan

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    We aim to evaluate lifestyle and nutritional factors that lead to dry eye disease (DED) in a depressed population using data from the Taiwan BioBank (TWB).A retrospective case-control study was conducted, and patients with depression based on a questionnaire were selected as the depression group. Each patient in the depression group was matched by age and sex to two individuals without depression, and a total of 3,754 and 7,508 patients constituted the depression and non-depression groups, respectively. Based on the questionnaire, the primary outcome was the presence of DED. Additionally, the chi-square test and interaction test were applied to survey the effect of lifestyle and nutritional factors on DED in the depression and nondepression groups.Results: There were 822 (21.90%) and 958 (12.76%) DED patients in the depression and nondepression groups, respectively, and the incidence of DED was significantly higher in the depression group (p < 0.001). In terms of lifestyle and nutritional factors in the depression population, a higher rate of chronic pain and a sedentary lifestyle were observed than in the patients with depression without DED (both p < 0.05). According to the interaction test, the chronic pain (p = 0.0227) and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.0002) were significant risk factors for DED presence in the depression group than in the non-depression group, while the persistent coffee consumption (p = 0.0005) and tea consumption (p = 0.0003) were significant protective factors for the DED exclusively for the depression group and not for the non-depression group.The depression population could be significantly benefited from physical activity, coffee intake and tea intake regarding DED development compared to the general population.

    Keywords: Dry eye disease, Depression, Coffee, Tea, Exercise

    Received: 26 Jan 2024; Accepted: 29 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Lee, Yang, Lian, Chang, Jhan and Chang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Chao Kai Chang, Dayeh University, Dacun, 51591, Changhua County, Taiwan

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