AUTHOR=Shavlokhova Veronika , Vollmer Andreas , Zouboulis Christos C. , Vollmer Michael , Wollborn Jakob , Lang Gernot , Kübler Alexander , Hartmann Stefan , Stoll Christian , Roider Elisabeth , Saravi Babak TITLE=Finetuning of GLIDE stable diffusion model for AI-based text-conditional image synthesis of dermoscopic images JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=10 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1231436 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2023.1231436 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=Background

The development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms and advances in medical domains rely on large datasets. A recent advancement in text-to-image generative AI is GLIDE (Guided Language to Image Diffusion for Generation and Editing). There are a number of representations available in the GLIDE model, but it has not been refined for medical applications.

Methods

For text-conditional image synthesis with classifier-free guidance, we have fine-tuned GLIDE using 10,015 dermoscopic images of seven diagnostic entities, including melanoma and melanocytic nevi. Photorealistic synthetic samples of each diagnostic entity were created by the algorithm. Following this, an experienced dermatologist reviewed 140 images (20 of each entity), with 10 samples originating from artificial intelligence and 10 from original images from the dataset. The dermatologist classified the provided images according to the seven diagnostic entities. Additionally, the dermatologist was asked to indicate whether or not a particular image was created by AI. Further, we trained a deep learning model to compare the diagnostic results of dermatologist versus machine for entity classification.

Results

The results indicate that the generated images possess varying degrees of quality and realism, with melanocytic nevi and melanoma having higher similarity to real images than other classes. The integration of synthetic images improved the classification performance of the model, resulting in higher accuracy and precision. The AI assessment showed superior classification performance compared to dermatologist.

Conclusion

Overall, the results highlight the potential of synthetic images for training and improving AI models in dermatology to overcome data scarcity.