AUTHOR=Giannakou Konstantinos , Golenia Aleksandra , Liabeuf Sophie , Malyszko Jolanta , Mattace-Raso Francesco , Farinha Ana , Spasovski Goce , Hafez Gaye , Wiecek Andrzej , Capolongo Giovanna , Capasso Giovambattista , Massy Ziad A. , Pépin Marion 

TITLE=Methodological challenges and biases in the field of cognitive function among patients with chronic kidney disease

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1215583

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2023.1215583

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 850 million people globally and is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among CKD patients ranges from 30 to 60%, and the link between CKD and cognitive impairment is partially understood. Methodological challenges and biases in studying cognitive function in CKD patients need to be addressed to improve diagnosis, treatment, and management of cognitive impairment in this population. Here, we review the methodological challenges and study design issues, including observational studies’ limitations, internal validity, and different types of bias that can impact the validity of research findings. Understanding the unique challenges and biases associated with studying cognitive function in CKD patients can help to identify potential sources of error and improve the quality of future research, leading to more accurate diagnoses and better treatment plans for CKD patients.</p>