AUTHOR=Cho Eunbyul , Soh Hi Sun , Lee Jae-Ryun , Yun Jieun , Bae Woo Kyung , Lee Hyejin 

TITLE=Association between smoking status and handgrip strength in Korean male adults: based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1212946

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2023.1212946

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p>Smoking is a well-known risk factor of frailty. Handgrip strength (HGS) is highly representative of muscular strength and is used in the diagnosis of frailty; however, the relationship between smoking and HGS is not clear. We evaluated the relationship between smoking status and HGS.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Objectives</title><p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between HGS and smoking status.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Methods</title><p>We enrolled adult males between the ages of 19 and 80 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII–VIII. A chi-square test and ANOVA were performed to compare the mean handgrip strength (mean HGS) between non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the smoking status and mean HGS, and additional analyses were performed by dividing subgroups by age.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Results</title><p>A total of 7,649 participants were analyzed. When the mean HGS and mean dominant HGS were compared according to smoking status, HGS was higher in the right hand (value of <italic>p</italic> = 0.03) and left hand (value of <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) in the order of current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. Comparing HGS of stronger hands, the mean HGS ex-smokers [aOR, (95% confidence interval): 0.61 (0.46–0.82)] and current smokers: 0.55 (0.38–0.78) was higher than that of non-smokers. When subgroup analysis was performed according to age, current smokers aged &gt;60 years had a higher grip strength than non-smokers.</p></sec><sec id="sec5"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Current smokers had a stronger mean HGS than that of ex-smokers and non-smokers. Current smokers older than 60 years appeared to have a stronger mean HGS than ex-smokers and non-smokers of the same age group.</p></sec>