The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated with a nearly two-fold greater risk for urinary calculi compared to people without CKD, has been demonstrated. The aim of the research is to evaluate the association between
A hospital-based case-control study involving 302 kidney stone patients and 408 controls without kidney stone from southern China was conducted. Sanger sequencing was used to genotype the
Compared to the control group, the CT genotype was more frequent in nephrolithiasis patients (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.09–2.37: the risk of developing nephrolithiasis in individuals with CT genotype compared to CC genotype). Moreover, there was also a higher frequency of CT/TT genotypes among patients with nephrolithiasis (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.02–2.19: the risk of developing nephrolithiasis in individuals with CT/TT genotypes compared to CC genotype). The risk remained for the subgroups of patients aged >53, smokers with pack-years of smoking >20, non-drinkers, non-diabetic patients, patients with hypertension, recurrent episodes and calcium oxalate stones (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.31–3.91; OR = 5.47, 95% CI = 1.10–27.30; OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.14–2.72; OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.03–2.30; OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.01–3.82; OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.06–2.62; OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02–2.32, respectively). Biochemical parameters did not differ between genotypes. Compared to controls (18.57 ± 5.80 ng/mL), nephrolithiasis patients had significantly higher serum MMP-9 levels (30.17 ± 6.78 ng/mL,
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