AUTHOR=Yang Yuanfang , Wu Qinghui , Tang Yao , Wu Haoran , Luo Zhiwei , Gao Wenyu , Hu Ziqi , Hou Lijun , Wang Min , Yang Zhikuan , Li Xiaoning 

TITLE=Short-term application of diquafosol ophthalmic solution benefits children with dry eye wearing orthokeratology lens

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1130117

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2023.1130117

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution (DQS) on children with dry eye from wearing overnight orthokeratology (OrthoK) lenses.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Myopic children aged 8–18 years with dry eye syndrome were enrolled in this prospective observational study, and they were grouped according to their OrthoK treatment history for at least 1 year. All participants received DQS 4 times per day for 1 month. The following indicators were measured at baseline 1 month after treatment: the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5), non-invasive tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear film break-up time (first and average, NIBUT-F and NIBUT-A), meibomian gland score (MG score), conjunctival hyperemia redness score (R-scan), and blink pattern analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 104 participants (189 eyes) including 40 OrthoK wearers (72 eyes) and 64 Orthok candidates (117 eyes) completed the study. Of all, after DQS treatment for 1 month, DEQ-5 scores reduced from 5.54 ± 3.25 to 3.85 ± 2.98 (<italic>t</italic> = −3.36, <italic>p</italic> = 0.00). TMH increased from 0.20 ± 0.05 mm to 0.21 ± 0.05 mm (<italic>t</italic> = 2.59, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01), NIBUT-F and NIBUT-A were prolonged from 6.67 ± 4.71 s to 10.32 ± 6.19 s and from 8.86 ± 5.25 s to 13.30 ± 6.03 s (all <italic>p</italic> = 0.00), respectively. R-scan decreased from 0.69 ± 0.28 to 0.50 ± 0.25 (<italic>t</italic> = −9.01, <italic>p</italic> = 0.00). Upper MG scores decreased from 1.04 ± 0.32 to 0.97 ± 0.36 (<italic>t</italic> = −2.14, <italic>p</italic> = 0.03). Lower MG scores, partial blink rate, partial blinks, and total blinks did not change significantly. Both break-up time (BUT) and R-scan improved significantly after DQS treatment for 1 month (all <italic>p</italic> = 0.00) in OrthoK candidates and OrthoK wearers. Among the OrthoK wearers, TMH and dry eye symptoms increased significantly (all <italic>p</italic> = 0.00) but did not increase in OrthoK candidates (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). There were no adverse events related to DQS.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution was effective for children wearing overnight orthokeratology in relieving dry eye symptoms and improving ocular surface parameters, which may help improve children's OrthoK wearing tolerance and compliance.</p></sec>