AUTHOR=Bouras Marwan , Asehnoune Karim , Roquilly Antoine 

TITLE=Immune modulation after traumatic brain injury

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.995044

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.995044

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces instant activation of innate immunity in brain tissue, followed by a systematization of the inflammatory response. The subsequent response, evolved to limit an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response and to induce healing, involves the autonomic nervous system, hormonal systems, and the regulation of immune cells. This physiological response induces an immunosuppression and tolerance state that promotes to the occurrence of secondary infections. This review describes the immunological consequences of TBI and highlights potential novel therapeutic approaches using immune modulation to restore homeostasis between the nervous system and innate immunity.</p>