AUTHOR=Mao Jianbo , Chen Nuo , Zhang Shian , Fang Yuyan , Zheng Zicheng , Wu Sulan , Ye Xin , Chen Yijing , Chen Yiqi , Shen Lijun 

TITLE=Association between inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor and hyperreflective foci on optical coherence tomography in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.973025

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.973025

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To investigate the associations between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AH) and hyperreflective foci (HF) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The prospective study included 63 eyes with nAMD, 44 with PCV, and 43 with cataracts (Controls). AH samples were obtained before anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy or cataract surgery. Cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and VEGF were measured by multiplex bead assay. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of HF were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after anti-VEGF treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>No significances difference in IL-6 and IL-8 levels were noted among the three groups (<italic>P</italic> = 0.370 and <italic>P</italic> = 0.067). VEGF, IP-10, and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in nAMD and PCV groups than in Controls (all <italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05). In nAMD, HF was positively correlated with VEGF (<italic>r</italic><sub><italic>s</italic></sub> = 0.300, <italic>P</italic> = 0.025) and in eyes with HF group, VEGF and IL-10 were significantly higher than those without HF (<italic>P</italic> = 0.008 and <italic>P</italic> = 0.022). In PCV, no correlation was observed between HF and cytokines (all <italic>P</italic> &gt; 0.05). After anti-VEGF treatment, patients with HF in nAMD and PCV were predisposed to worse visual outcomes (<italic>P</italic> = 0.022 and <italic>P</italic> = 0.015) and a significantly greater reduction in CMT (<italic>P</italic> = 0.001 and <italic>P</italic> = 0.057). And nAMD patients with HF were more sensitive to anti-VEGF treatment than those without HF (<italic>P</italic> = 0.029).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>In the nAMD group, HF was positively correlated with VEGF. Patients in nAMD with HF had elevated levels of VEGF and IL-10 and responded favorably to anti-VEGF. HF might serve as an inflammatory biomarker and a predictive factor for therapeutic efficacy in patients with nAMD.</p></sec>