AUTHOR=Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled , Keetile Mpho , Kadasah Nasser Akeil , Alshareef Noor , Qattan Ameerah M. N. , Alsharqi Omar TITLE=Side Effects and Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.899517 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.899517 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=Background

Vaccination against any disease is critical in improving and maintaining public health. However, the overall effectiveness of a vaccine largely depends on the willingness of a population to receive it. The main aim of this study was to assess the side effects and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines among adults following vaccination in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 13 to July 20, 2021, among adults aged 18 years and older who had taken one or both doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on socio-demographics, health behavior, vaccine type, knowledge about sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines, and perceptions and beliefs following vaccination. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were the major data analytic tools employed in the study.

Results

The most common vaccine side effects reported were tiredness/fatigue (52.6%), swelling (38%), fever (31.3%), headache (29.1%), and muscle pain (22.2%). In multivariable analyses, the odds of experiencing severe side effects were significantly higher among males [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.71–4.45, p < 0.01], those aged 40–49 years (aOR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.10–8.72, p < 0.1), and Saudi nationals (aOR = 3.64, 95% CI = 1.58–8.38, p < 0.05) compared to their counterparts. The odds of believing that COVID-19 vaccines are safe in the long-term were significantly higher among men (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.16–2.65, p < 0.01) and among individuals who had received two doses (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.09–2.40, p < 0.05), and the odds of advising others to get vaccinated for COVID-19 were also significantly higher among respondents who had received two doses (aOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.60–4.93, p < 0.01) compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion

This study identified the most common COVID-19 vaccine side effects in Saudi Arabia, therefore making them predictable. This information will help reduce vaccine hesitancy as booster doses become available.