AUTHOR=Ruan Guangcong , Qi Jing , Cheng Yi , Liu Rongbei , Zhang Bingqiang , Zhi Min , Chen Junrong , Xiao Fang , Shen Xiaochun , Fan Ling , Li Qin , Li Ning , Qiu Zhujing , Xiao Zhifeng , Xu Fenghua , Lv Linling , Chen Minjia , Ying Senhong , Chen Lu , Tian Yuting , Li Guanhu , Zhang Zhou , He Mi , Qiao Liang , Zhang Zhu , Chen Dongfeng , Cao Qian , Nian Yongjian , Wei Yanling TITLE=Development and Validation of a Deep Neural Network for Accurate Identification of Endoscopic Images From Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.854677 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.854677 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=Background and Aim

The identification of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is a key element interfering with therapeutic response, but it is often difficult for less experienced endoscopists to identify UC and CD. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a deep learning diagnostic system trained on a large number of colonoscopy images to distinguish UC and CD.

Methods

This multicenter, diagnostic study was performed in 5 hospitals in China. Normal individuals and active patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were enrolled. A dataset of 1,772 participants with 49,154 colonoscopy images was obtained between January 2018 and November 2020. We developed a deep learning model based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in the examination. To generalize the applicability of the deep learning model in clinical practice, we compared the deep model with 10 endoscopists and applied it in 3 hospitals across China.

Results

The identification accuracy obtained by the deep model was superior to that of experienced endoscopists per patient (deep model vs. trainee endoscopist, 99.1% vs. 78.0%; deep model vs. competent endoscopist, 99.1% vs. 92.2%, P < 0.001) and per lesion (deep model vs. trainee endoscopist, 90.4% vs. 59.7%; deep model vs. competent endoscopist 90.4% vs. 69.9%, P < 0.001). In addition, the mean reading time was reduced by the deep model (deep model vs. endoscopists, 6.20 s vs. 2,425.00 s, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We developed a deep model to assist with the clinical diagnosis of IBD. This provides a diagnostic device for medical education and clinicians to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.