AUTHOR=Chen Lizhu , Zhang Enchong , Guan Johnny , Chen Zhengjie , Ye Jianfeng , Liu Wangmin , He Jieqian , Yin Bo , Song Yongsheng , Zhang Mo TITLE=A Combined CRISP3 and SPINK1 Prognostic Grade in EPS-Urine and Establishment of Models to Predict Prognosis of Patients With Prostate Cancer JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.832415 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.832415 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by significant heterogeneity. Thus, novel prognostic indicators are required to improve prognosis and treatment.

Methods

Cysteine rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) levels in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS)-urine collected during digital rectal examination of 496 patients histologically diagnosed with PCa were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A combined CRISP3 and SPINK1 prognostic grade (CSPG) was defined using cut-off values from receiver operating characteristic curves. Log-rank Kaplan-Meier survival curves investigated differences in prognosis between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses investigated the CSPG relationship with biochemical recurrence (BCR), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Three prognostic models were developed and validated.

Conclusions

CRISP3 and SPINK1 levels increased with Gleason score progression, pathological T stage, and metastasis status. CSPG in EPS-urine, which was an effective independent prognostic variable, accurately predicted the prognosis of patients with PCa. Three clinical prognostic models using the CSPG for BCR, CSS, and OS were developed and validated.