AUTHOR=Li Jiayu , Zhou Li , Gong Xuhe , Wang Yuan , Yao Daokuo , Li Hongwei 

TITLE=Abiotrophia Defectiva as a Rare Cause of Mitral Valve Infective Endocarditis With Mesenteric Arterial Branch Pseudoaneurysm, Splenic Infarction, and Renal Infarction: A Case Report

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.780828

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.780828

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p><italic>Abiotrophia defectiva</italic> (<italic>A. defectiva</italic>) is a rare species leading to infective endocarditis (IE) with a poor prognosis. We describe a previously healthy patient with mitral valve infective endocarditis caused by <italic>A. defectiva</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Case report</title><p>A young man was admitted with intermittent fever. Echocardiography confirmed vegetation on the mitral valve with evidence of valve perforation and severe mitral regurgitation. Three sets of blood cultures became positive for <italic>A. defectiva</italic>. As he presented with manifestations of mesenteric arterial branch pseudoaneurysm, splenic and renal infarction, mitral valve replacement, and embolization of superior mesenteric aneurysm were operated during 8 weeks' targeted antibiotic therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This case study emphasizes the importance of considering <italic>A. defectiva</italic> as a rare but important cause of IE and of performing blood culture to make its accurate diagnosis and timely anti-infective treatment. Early surgical management and active prevention of complications have been associated with a favorable prognosis.</p></sec>