AUTHOR=Ma Ning , Chen Mei , Ding Jingyi , Wang Fang , Jin Jingbo , Fan Sitong , Chen Jiajia 

TITLE=Recurrent Pneumonia With Tuberculosis and Candida Co-infection Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report and Literature Review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.755308

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2022.755308

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<p>An 82-year-old male patient was hospitalized in the Respiratory Department for “repeated cough and shortness of breath for 10 years, recurrence worsened for 1 month.” Later, he was transferred for further diagnosis and treatment, to the Infectious Disease Department for further hospitalization. Previously, the patient had repeatedly undergone tuberculosis-related examinations including bronchoscopy examinations. However, no evidence of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> (<italic>MTB</italic>) infection was found. Early anti-infection treatments failed. Due to repeated symptoms, we performed bronchoscopy again and sent alveolar lavage fluid for the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) test. Subsequently, <italic>MTB</italic> and <italic>Candida albicans</italic> were detected by mNGS. After antituberculosis and antifungal treatments, the symptoms were significantly relieved, and the chest CT showed resolution of the lung lesions. Therefore, we successfully diagnosed and treated a case of recurrent pneumonia with tuberculosis and <italic>Candida</italic> co-infection diagnosed by mNGS.</p>