AUTHOR=Xiao Anling , Zhao Huijuan , Xia Jianbing , Zhang Ling , Zhang Chao , Ruan Zhuoying , Mei Nan , Li Xun , Ma Wuren , Wang Zhuozhu , He Yi , Lee Jimmy , Zhu Weiming , Tian Dajun , Zhang Kunkun , Zheng Weiwei , Yin Bo
TITLE=Triage Modeling for Differential Diagnosis Between COVID-19 and Human Influenza A Pneumonia: Classification and Regression Tree Analysis
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine
VOLUME=8
YEAR=2021
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.673253
DOI=10.3389/fmed.2021.673253
ISSN=2296-858X
ABSTRACT=Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has lasted much longer than an influenza season, but the main signs, symptoms, and some imaging findings are similar in COVID-19 and influenza patients. The aim of the current study was to construct an accurate and robust model for initial screening and differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and influenza A.
Methods: All patients in the study were diagnosed at Fuyang No. 2 People's Hospital, and they included 151 with COVID-19 and 155 with influenza A. The patients were randomly assigned to training set or a testing set at a 4:1 ratio. Predictor variables were selected based on importance, assessed by random forest algorithms, and analyzed to develop classification and regression tree models.
Results: In the optimal model A, the best single predictor of COVID-19 patients was a normal or high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, followed by low level of creatine kinase, then the presence of <3 respiratory symptoms, then a highest temperature on the first day of admission <38°C. In the suboptimal model B, the best single predictor of COVID-19 was a low eosinophil count, then a normal monocyte ratio, then a normal hematocrit value, then a highest temperature on the first day of admission of <37°C, then a complete lack of respiratory symptoms.
Conclusions: The two models provide clinicians with a rapid triage tool. The optimal model can be used to developed countries/regions and major hospitals, and the suboptimal model can be used in underdeveloped regions and small hospitals.