AUTHOR=De Cinque Antonio , Corcioni Beniamino , Rossi Martina Sofia , Franceschelli Alessandro , Colombo Fulvio , Golfieri Rita , Renzulli Matteo , Gaudiano Caterina TITLE=Case Report: Testicular Sarcoidosis: The Diagnostic Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Review of the Literature JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=7 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2020.610384 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2020.610384 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease histologically characterized by non-caseating epithelioid granulomas and multinucleated giant cells; the etiology is still uncertain, and likely related to a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. The genitourinary system is affected in fewer than 0.2% of all clinically diagnosed cases of sarcoidosis and in 5% of those identified in autopsy studies. In this report, we describe a case of a 42–year-old male with one hypoechoic lesion per testis on B-mode evaluation; contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on both lesions was carried out. During the early phase, the masses showed a hypovascular appearance as compared to the surrounding testicular tissue, maintaining the hypo-enhancement in the late phase. Tissue biopsy for pathological evaluation confirmed testicular sarcoid involvement, showing non-caseating granulomas. Allowing visualization of testicular microvascularisation, CEUS may play an important role in excluding malignancy, avoiding unnecessary aggressive treatment for benign conditions, such as sarcoidosis. A review of the literature of reported cases since 2004 of sarcoidosis involving the testis is also included.