AUTHOR=Nguyen Minhtri K. , Song Lu , Kao Liyo , Tong Kevin , De La Cruz Maria J. , Rodriguez Giancarlo , Nguyen Minh-Kevin , Nguyen Dai-Scott , Kurtz Ira 

TITLE=Is the Osmolal Concentration of Ethanol Greater Than Its Molar Concentration?

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2019.00306

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2019.00306

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Recent data suggested that the osmolal gap attributed to ethanol as determined by the difference between <italic>measured</italic> serum osmolality and <italic>calculated</italic> serum osmolarity is greater than its molar concentration. The increased osmotic activity of ethanol is thought to be due to its binding to water molecules. This study is conducted to determine the true osmotic contribution of ethanol to serum osmolality.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Baseline serum osmolality and ethanol concentration were measured on each serum sample. Varying amounts of ethanol were added to aliquots of serum in which the baseline serum ethanol concentration was undetectable. Repeat serum osmolality and serum ethanol concentration were measured after addition of ethanol.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The range of serum ethanol concentration was 27.3–429.8 mg/dL. The serum osmolal gap attributed solely to ethanol is calculated based on the difference between <italic>measured</italic> serum osmolality before and <italic>measured</italic> serum osmolality after addition of ethanol. Our results demonstrated that the contribution of ethanol to serum osmolality can be calculated by dividing the serum ethanol level in mg/dl by 4.6. In addition, the relationship between serum ethanol concentration and osmolal gap due to ethanol was assessed by linear regression analysis. Linear regression analysis relating the osmolal gap due to ethanol and ethanol concentration yielded the following equation: Osmolal Gap (mOsm/kg H<sub>2</sub>O) = 0.23 (Ethanol [mg/dL]) – 1.43.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The osmolal concentration of ethanol can be calculated based on its molar concentration. We found no evidence for ethanol binding to water molecules over the range of ethanol concentration in this study.</p>