AUTHOR=Kaplan Allen P. , Maas Coen TITLE=The Search for Biomarkers in Hereditary Angioedema JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine VOLUME=4 YEAR=2017 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2017.00206 DOI=10.3389/fmed.2017.00206 ISSN=2296-858X ABSTRACT=
The unpredictable nature of attacks of tissue swelling in hereditary angioedema requires the identification of reliable biomarkers to monitor disease activity as well as response to therapy. At present, one can assess a C4 level (by ELISA) to assist in diagnosis but neither C4 nor C1 inhibitor levels reflect clinical course or prognosis. We will here review a collection of plasma proteins involved in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and innate immunity (Figure