AUTHOR=D’Angelo Daniela , Esposito Francesco , Fusco Alfredo 

TITLE=Epigenetic Mechanisms Leading to Overexpression of HMGA Proteins in Human Pituitary Adenomas

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Medicine

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2015.00039

DOI=10.3389/fmed.2015.00039

ISSN=2296-858X

ABSTRACT=<p>Overexpression of the high-mobility group A (HMGA)1 and HMGA2 proteins is a feature of all human pituitary adenoma (PAs) subtypes. However, amplification and/or rearrangement of the HMGA2 have been described in human prolactinomas, but rarely in other pituitary subtypes, and no genomic amplification of HMGA1 was detected in PAs. Here, we summarize the functional role of HMGA proteins in pituitary tumorigenesis and the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to HMGA overexpression in these tumors focusing on recent studies indicating a critical role of non-coding RNAs in modulating HMGA protein levels.</p>