Novel Pectin/Chitosan Mo-MOF Hydrogel for dye adsorption and pathogenic bacteria inhibition

Zahraa Sabah Ghnim ¹ Ayat Hussein Adhab ² Farag M A Altalbawy ^3,4 Morug Salih Mahdi ⁵ Aseel Salah Mansoor ⁶ Usama Kadem Radi ⁷ Nasr Saadoun Abd ⁸ Uday Abdul- Reda Hussein ⁹ Hadil Hussain Hamza ¹⁰ KHURSHEED MUZAMMIL ¹¹ Ahmad Alkhayyat ^12,13,14*

• ¹ College of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Nineveh,Iraq, Nineveh, Iraq
• ² Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq, Karbala, Iraq
• ³ Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
• ⁴ National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Beni Suef, Egypt
• ⁵ College of MLT, Ahl Al Bayt University, Iraq, Karbala, Iraq
• ⁶ Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
• ⁷ College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
• ⁸ Medical technical college, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
• ⁹ College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Iraq, Karbala, Iraq
• ¹⁰ Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
• ¹¹ Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha – 62561, Saudi Arabia, Abha, Saudi Arabia
• ¹² Department of computers Techniques engineering, College of technical engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq, Najaf, Iraq
• ¹³ Department of computers Techniques engineering, College of technical engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq, Al Diwaniyah, Al-Qādisiyyah, Iraq
• ¹⁴ Department of computers Techniques engineering, College of technical engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Babylon, Iraq

This study includes the synthesis of new hydrogel using pectin, chitosan, and Mo-MOF (pectin/chitosan Mo-MOF hydrogel). After confirming the structure of the synthetic hydrogel by Elemental Analysis (EA), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), EDS mapping, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), its application in wastewater treatment, including the absorption of Congo red and the inhibition of pathogenic bacterial strains in wastewater, was evaluated. The factors affecting the adsorption of Congo red, such as pH, temperature, and contact time, were studied. The highest adsorption rate was determined to be 93% using 0.06 g/L of pectin/chitosan Mo-MOF hydrogel under conditions including pH 8, temperature of 25°C, and contact time of 90 minutes. The microbiology evaluations of the pectin/chitosan Mo-MOF hydrogel, which were performed against the known strains of wastewater such as Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Salmonella enterica, indicated its high antibacterial properties, so, MIC and MBC values were observed between 4-32 μg/mL and 8-64 μg/mL. The diverse characteristics of the pectin/chitosan Mo-MOF hydrogel can be attributed to its physical and chemical properties, such as its constituent compounds, specific surface area, and porosity. Finally, the pectin/chitosan Mo-MOF hydrogel can be introduced as a functional composition with unique capabilities in controlling pathogenic bacterial strains of wastewater and absorbing dangerous chemical compounds of wastewater for environmental purposes.