AUTHOR=Khan Mahrukh , Umar Muhammad , Alam Mehtab , Ali Umair , Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich , Almujibah Hamad 

TITLE=Evaluation of design parameters for geosynthetic reinforced-soil integrated bridge system based on finite element analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Materials

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1454201

DOI=10.3389/fmats.2024.1454201

ISSN=2296-8016

ABSTRACT=<p>This study evaluates the performance of a geosynthetic reinforced soil integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS) in terms of total displacement by varying different design parameters simultaneously and also suggests optimum values of them. These parameters include, i. backfill internal friction angle (<inline-formula id="inf1"><mml:math id="m1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>∅</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>) and reinforcement spacing (Sv), ii. Backfill internal friction angle (<inline-formula id="inf2"><mml:math id="m2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>∅</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>) and geogrid axial stiffness (EA) at varying reinforcement spacing (Sv), iii. Backfill internal friction angle (<inline-formula id="inf3"><mml:math id="m3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>∅</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>) and number of bearing bed layers, and the effect of retained backfill slope (m<sub>b</sub>). Simulations were conducted using PLAXIS 2D software. Analysis showed that the cumulative effect of these parameters had a significant effect on total displacement but after a certain point increase or decrease in their values showed no effect on the results while some parameters showed negligible effect on the deformation of the wall. Furthermore, due to the notable effect of <inline-formula id="inf4"><mml:math id="m4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>∅</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, Sv and EA on the total displacement of the wall, the impact of these parameters was also investigated on the development of tensile force in the topmost layer of geogrid in GRS IBS. It was noted that the shape of the tensile force distribution graph was the same for all the cases and the order of the parameters in terms of their effect on tensile force was S<sub>v</sub> &gt; <inline-formula id="inf5"><mml:math id="m5" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mo>∅</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> &gt; EA. Also, a detailed analysis of tensile force development in all the layers of geogrids showed that if <inline-formula id="inf6"><mml:math id="m6" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">v</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> ≤ 0.2 m, the spacing between reinforcement in the lower portion of GRS IBS can be increased as these layers showed approximately zero tensile load.</p>