Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Mater.
Sec. Carbon-Based Materials
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1454120
This article is part of the Research Topic Biomass Conversion and Biomass-Derived Carbon-Based Materials for Remediation of Emerging Pollutants in Soil and Water View all 3 articles

Production and characterization of biodiesel fuel produced from third-generation feedstock

Provisionally accepted
Suraj Verma Suraj Verma 1Deepak Sahu Deepak Sahu 1*Bader O. Almutairi Bader O. Almutairi 2
  • 1 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
  • 2 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and renewable alternative fuel, it can be obtained from soybean oil, vegetable oils, animal fat, or micro-algae. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the production and characterization of microalgae biodiesel utilizing multiple analytical techniques, including CHNSO analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR). The CHNSO analysis revealed the elemental composition of biodiesel blends, highlighting the effects of TiO2 nanoparticle concentration on carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen content, with increasing TiO2 concentration a steady increase in carbon content and a gradual decrease in nitrogen content were observed. According to the CHNSO analysis, sulfur content of blended biodiesel was found to be lower than that of fossil diesel, with an empirical formula of CH2.26N0.000584S0.000993O0.0517. FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of biodiesel. Fourier transform infrared resonance confirmed the presence of ester groups at 1732 cm -1 , and a prominent peak at 1455 cm -1 indicated higher carbon content in the blended biodiesel.GC-MS analysis identified compounds of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) and hydrocarbons.The major components of FAMEs were 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (C19H36O2), Linoleic acid ethyl ester (C20H36O2) and Hexadecanic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), with compositions of 20.65 %, 9.67 %, and 6.26 %, respectively. The presence of methyl ester in the blended fuel suggests its potential as an alternative fuel source.

    Keywords: Biodiesel, titanium dioxide, characterization, CHNSO, FTIR, GC-MS, 1 H NMR, Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)

    Received: 24 Jun 2024; Accepted: 08 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Verma, Sahu and Almutairi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Deepak Sahu, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.