AUTHOR=Li Yongfeng , Tang Li , Shen Mingming , Wang Zhen , Huang Xiaofeng 

TITLE=A comparative study of Sr-loaded nano-textured Ti and TiO2 nanotube implants on osseointegration immediately after tooth extraction in Beagle dogs

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Materials

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1213163

DOI=10.3389/fmats.2023.1213163

ISSN=2296-8016

ABSTRACT=<p>Dental implantation, when performed immediately after tooth extraction, simplifies the treatment procedure, resulting in satisfaction for dentists and patients. Dental implants with nanotopography surface modification have been used to promote osseointegration immediately after implantation. We compared two different nanotopography surface implants on the effects of osseointegration immediately after tooth extraction: TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes (NT-TiO<sub>2</sub>) fabricated by anodization and Sr-loaded nanotopography Ti (NT-Sr) formed via magnetron sputtering technology. Sr-loaded nanotextured Ti nanotubes (NT-Sr) were fabricated via magnetron sputtering using 99.99% SrTiO<sub>3</sub> as the sputtering target. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes (NT-TiO<sub>2</sub>) were fabricated by anodization in 0.5 wt% hydrofluoric acid (HF). After the surface topography, hydrophilicity, chemical components, and interface bonding strength were analyzed, two different nano-topographies were applied for <italic>in vivo</italic> cellular activity evaluation. Subsequently, the implants with NT-Sr and NT-TiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces were inserted into the fresh socket immediately after tooth extraction. Radiological scanning, histological analysis, and biomechanical tests were carried out to investigate implant osseointegration. The results showed that nanotubes with diameters of 15–80 nm were distributed on the NT-TiO<sub>2</sub> surface, while the NT-Sr group showed 20–40 nm nanoparticles deposited on the surface. Compared to NT-Sr, the NT-TiO<sub>2</sub> surface possessed better hydrophilicity and favorable cellular adhesion and proliferation. The NT-Sr surface possessed greater interfacial bonding strength than the NT-TiO<sub>2</sub> group, and greater bone formation, higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC%), and maximum pull-out force were observed in the NT-Sr group. The above results indicated that although the NT-TiO<sub>2</sub> surface showed favorable <italic>in vitro</italic> bioactivity, the NT-Sr surface, with higher interface bonding strength, showed better <italic>in vitro</italic> osteogenesis, and would be more favorable for immediate implantation.</p>