AUTHOR=Zwain Ali A. , Ahmad Irfan , Khalaf Jebur Ali Rasha , Kahtan Mustafa , Khdyair Hamad Atheer , Abdulgader Hassan Enas , Asiri Mohammed , Ridha Benien M. , Alsalamy Ali 

TITLE=Synthesis, antioxidant, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives using K2CO3/glycerol as a green deep eutectic solvent

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Materials

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1196583

DOI=10.3389/fmats.2023.1196583

ISSN=2296-8016

ABSTRACT=<p>Providing green methods for the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds with biological properties is interesting for scientists. Through the multi-component reaction of aldehyde derivatives, methyl 2-cyanoacetate, and phenylhydrazine using K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and glycerol as a deep eutectic solvent, new derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile were synthesized. Biological evaluation of the synthesized 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives, including antioxidant activity on DPPH free radical and antimicrobial activity on a wide range of Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacterial, and fungal species, was done. In the antioxidant activity, IC<sub>50</sub> value, and in the antimicrobial activity, IZD, MIC, MFC, and MBC parameters were assessed. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and elemental analysis. 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity and, in examining the results, a good relationship between the structure and biological activity of the 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives were found.</p>