AUTHOR=Ali Akhtar , Shah Wiqar H. , Safeen Akif , Ali Liaqat , Tufail Muhammad , Ullah Zakir , Safeen Kashif , Eldin Sayed M. , R. Ali Mohamed , Sohail Muhammad , Imran Naveed 

TITLE=Effect of Ca doping on the arbitrary canting of magnetic exchange interactions in La1-xCaxMnO3 nanoparticles

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Materials

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1117793

DOI=10.3389/fmats.2023.1117793

ISSN=2296-8016

ABSTRACT=<p>La<sub>1-x</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (LCMO NPs) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The prepared samples were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirmed the single-phase structure. The nanoparticle’s crystallite size was determined using Debye–Scherrer’s formula. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the size of the nanoparticles was between 33 nm and 55 nm. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to determine the elemental composition of samples. The four-probe method was used to measure the temperature-dependent electrical resistivity. Magnetic properties, such as hysteresis loop, magnetoresistance, and magnetization <italic>versus</italic> temperature, were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The study of magnetization <italic>versus</italic> applied magnetic field M(H) showed that, at 77 K, all the loops exhibit ferromagnetism. DC magnetization <italic>versus</italic> temperature at a 70-Oe-applied field for all samples showed a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. A decrease in Curie temperature T<sub>c</sub> after increasing the concentration of x was observed. The real and imaginary parts of temperature-dependent ac magnetic susceptibility were measured and revealed a transition from the ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic phase at a particular temperature T<sub>c</sub>, with DC magnetization behavior.</p>