AUTHOR=Chen Wei , Zhu Wen-qing , Su Shan , Liu Yao , Qiu Jing TITLE=Preservation of Titanium in a Naringin-Containing Solution to Enhance Osteogenic and Anti-inflammatory Activities In Vitro JOURNAL=Frontiers in Materials VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2022.847497 DOI=10.3389/fmats.2022.847497 ISSN=2296-8016 ABSTRACT=

When exposed to air, the titanium implants undergo changes in surface characteristics and biological activity, which is known as biological aging. It is important to find a suitable storage method to slow down the biological aging of titanium. The purpose of this study was to develop a naringin-containing storage solution and evaluate the effects of this storage method on physicochemical properties as well as osteogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of commercial pure titanium (cp-Ti) and sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched titanium (SLA-Ti). Titanium surfaces stored in air and 0.9% NaCl solution for 4 weeks were served as control, and samples submerged in three different concentrations of naringin-containing solution for 4 weeks were used to investigate the new storage method. Surface topography images showed that nanostructures were observed on liquid-stored SLA-Ti surfaces. The storage condition did not influence the roughness of both cp-Ti and SLA-Ti. However, the wettability of titanium varied with the storage methods. Titanium stored in the naringin-containing solution exhibited lower contact angles. Samples stored in aqueous solution were less susceptible to hydrocarbon contamination. The preservation of titanium in the 10 μM naringin-containing solution enhanced the adhesion, proliferaton, and differentiation of osteoblasts. In addition, macrophages on samples stored in 10 μM and 100 μM naringin-containing solutions displayed better anti-inflammatory effect. In summary, the 10 μM naringin-containing solution could enhance osteogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of titanium and was proved to be an effective new storage condition.