AUTHOR=Kakimoto Yasuhiro , Tero Ryugo 

TITLE=Supported Lipid Bilayers of Escherichia coli Extracted Lipids and Their Calcium Dependence

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Materials

VOLUME=5

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2018.00048

DOI=10.3389/fmats.2018.00048

ISSN=2296-8016

ABSTRACT=<p>Formation of supported lipid bilayer (SLB) and additional structures of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (<italic>E. coli</italic>) lipids were investigated with fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the aqueous phase with concentration above 2 mM was necessary for the formation of SLB. Additional lipid structures, string-like structures, the second lipid bilayer, and multilayer stacking appeared on the first layer SLB depending on Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration. The bridging effect of Ca<sup>2+</sup> between the negatively charged <italic>E. coli</italic> lipid bilayers and substrate is the dominant factor determining the two-dimensional and three-dimensional morphology of the <italic>E. coli</italic> lipid bilayer membranes.</p>