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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Mar. Sci.
Sec. Marine Conservation and Sustainability
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1484609
This article is part of the Research Topic Current and Future Threats to Marine Zooplankton in Changing Polar Oceans and Their Potential for Adaption and Coping View all 5 articles

Effect of delayed sea ice retreat on zooplankton communities in the Pacific Arctic Ocean: A generalized dissimilarity modeling approach

Provisionally accepted
Yuya Hibino Yuya Hibino 1*Kohei Matsuno Kohei Matsuno 1*Amane Fujiwara Amane Fujiwara 2Yoshiyuki Abe Yoshiyuki Abe 1Nanami Hosoda Nanami Hosoda 1Motoyo Itoh Motoyo Itoh 2Atsushi Yamaguchi Atsushi Yamaguchi 1
  • 1 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
  • 2 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Sea ice extent increased in the Pacific Arctic Ocean during 2021 owing to the reversal of the Beaufort Gyre, unlike in previous years. The increased sea ice concentration may restore the marine ecosystem to its previous state; nevertheless, the precise conditions and mechanisms involved remain unclear. Methods: In this study, the 2008–2017 period was defined as “the sea ice retreat year,” and its zooplankton community distribution representative was estimated using generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM). Subsequently, we assessed the effect of delayed sea ice melt on the zooplankton community by comparing the zooplankton community of the sea ice retreat year with that in 2021. Results: In GDM, numerous satellite parameters significantly affected the zooplankton distribution, with the highest effect during the open-water period and annual primary production (APP) and the lowest in water temperature. The effect of APP and temperature on zooplankton similarity was high around the Bering Strait owing to the advection of Pacific copepods (Eucalanus bungii, Metridia pacifica, and Neocalanus spp.) and synchronized inflow of warm Pacific water. Under significant warming scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway [SSP]1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), GDM-based multiple effects predicted that the zooplankton communities in high latitudes will be more affected than those on the southern shelf (northern Bering Sea to southern Chukchi Sea). In 2021, the total abundance across the northern Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea shelf region was lower than that of the community during the sea ice retreat year. However, certain species (Limacina helicina and Pacific copepods) increased locally (northern Bering Sea and Barrow Canyon) because of the increasing volume of Pacific origin water. Discussion: Contrary to the reported increase trend on zooplankton, low primary productivity and phenological mismatch for zooplankton may prevail in the Pacific Arctic Ocean, resulting in a low abundance during autumn 2021.

    Keywords: Beaufort Gyre, Biodiversity model, prediction, Taxonomic diversity, increase in seaice extent

    Received: 22 Aug 2024; Accepted: 13 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Hibino, Matsuno, Fujiwara, Abe, Hosoda, Itoh and Yamaguchi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Yuya Hibino, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
    Kohei Matsuno, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

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