Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Mar. Sci.
Sec. Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture and Living Resources
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1449066
This article is part of the Research Topic Alternative Feed Ingredients and their Functional Properties in Aquaculture View all 4 articles

Effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal on antioxidant activity, immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatopancreas histology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Provisionally accepted
Songming Chen Songming Chen Jieyu Dai Jieyu Dai Yan Chen Yan Chen Qiang Chen Qiang Chen *Fen Dong Fen Dong Congcong Wang Congcong Wang Yulong Sun Yulong Sun Jiteng Wang Jiteng Wang Tao Han Tao Han
  • Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Screening excellent bacterial strains for fermentation is the key to improving the nutritional value and bioavailability of soybean meal (SBM). This study investigated the application of Bacillus subtilis-fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the feed of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FSBM was used to replace 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% fish meal, and the feeding trial was lasted for 8 weeks (initial weight: 0.9 g). The amino acid profile in the whole shrimp body was tested. FSBM substitution only significantly reduced the content lysine in whole shrimp body, but increased the content of arginine. Fatty acid data showed that the content of n-6 PUFAs in whole shrimp was significantly increased by FSBM substitution. In muscle, FSBM substitution significantly reduced the content of MUFAs, but increased the content of PUFAs including C18:3n-3, C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6. No hepatopancreas structure modifications appeared in the 25% group compared with the control group.Subsequently, we investigated the response patterns of different organs to FSBM substitution from antioxidant, endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunity. A high proportion of FSBM significantly reduced the content of GSH in hemolymph and hepatopancreas, while increased the mRNA expression of cat. FSBM substitution did not affect the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the intestine. However, the mRNA expression level of hsp70 in the intestine was significantly reduced by FSBM. In terms of immunity, the mRNA expression levels of lgbp and penaeidin in the hepatopancreas showed a significant linear increase trend. In muscle, high proportion of FSBM significantly increased the mRNA expression of imd. FSBM substitution did not significantly affect the expression of immune genes in the intestine. In terms of endoplasmic reticulum stress, FSBM substitution significantly increased the mRNA expression of eif2α in the hepatopancreas. In muscle, FSBM substitution inhibited the mRNA expression of bip. In the intestine, FSBM replacing 75% of fish meal significantly increased the mRNA expression of bip and ire1. In summary, this study indicated that when the fish meal content account for 40% in diets (dry weight), the screened Bacillus subtilis-FSBM can replace 25% of fish meal protein without reducing the antioxidant and immune abilities of shrimp.

    Keywords: antioxidant activity, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Fermented soybean meal, Immunity, Litopenaeus vannamei

    Received: 14 Jun 2024; Accepted: 09 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Chen, Dai, Chen, Chen, Dong, Wang, Sun, Wang and Han. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Qiang Chen, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.