Shawn K. Murakawa ^1* Alexander R. Gaos ² Devin S. Johnson ² Brian Peck ³ Mark Macdonald ⁴ Elyse Sachs ⁵ Frank Pendleton ⁶ Camryn D. Allen ² Marylou Staman ² Shelbie Ishimaru ⁷ Kyle S. Van Houtan ⁸ Alphinah Liusamoa ⁹ T. Todd Jones ² Summer L. Martin ²

• ¹ Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, United States
• ² Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu, HI, Hawaii, United States
• ³ United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior, Pago Pago, United States
• ⁴ Other, Halifax, Canada
• ⁵ Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
• ⁶ Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Pacific OCS Region, Camarillo, United States, Camarillo, United States
• ⁷ Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
• ⁸ Other, Jupiter, United States
• ⁹ American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, American Samoa

Sea turtles are a taxon of conservation concern and are highly migratory, exposing them to a variety of threats (e.g., fisheries bycatch, direct harvest ) across their lifetime. Understanding the abundance of nesting females, hatchling production, and migratory movements represent three of the most basic biological data needs for this species group. This study summarizes novel data most relevant to population assessments of the endangered central south Pacific (CSP) green turtle (Chelonia mydas) population, determined from annual rapid assessment surveys (mean survey duration=7.6 days year -1 , n=14 survey days over 8 nesting seasons) and satellite telemetry at Rose Atoll, American Samoa, from 2012 to 2019. A minimum of 138 unique females nested in the Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (RANWR) over the study period with 218 total females observed. Satellite tracks of post-nesting females suggest Fiji (n=33/48, 70.2%) is the primary foraging ground for turtles nesting at RANWR, though other areas throughout the south Pacific Ocean are also important. Limited data suggest hatchling production was high (average hatching success=92.3%) and nest temperature data collected from 2017-2019 suggest primary sex ratios were likely balanced during this time. These are positive signs for the resilience of this nesting population, but climate change poses threats to RANWR and other low-lying tropical islands throughout the central south Pacific, as nesting areas are potentially exposed to beach erosion, tidal inundations, and increasing temperatures leading to sex bias and embryonic death.