AUTHOR=Riihimaki Laura D. , Cronin Meghan F. , Acharya Raja , Anderson Nathan , Augustine John A. , Balmes Kelly A. , Berk Patrick , Bozzano Roberto , Bucholtz Anthony , Connell Kenneth J. , Cox Christopher J. , di Sarra Alcide G. , Edson James , Fairall C. W. , Farrar J. Thomas , Grissom Karen , Guerra Maria Teresa , Hormann Verena , Joseph K Jossia , Lanconelli Christian , Melin Frederic , Meloni Daniela , Ottaviani Matteo , Pensieri Sara , Ramesh K. , Rutan David , Samarinas Nikiforos , Smith Shawn R. , Swart Sebastiaan , Tandon Amit , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Venkatesan R. , Verma Raj Kumar , Vitale Vito , Watkins-Brandt Katie S. , Weller Robert A. , Zappa Christopher J. , Zhang Dongxiao TITLE=Ocean surface radiation measurement best practices JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science VOLUME=11 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1359149 DOI=10.3389/fmars.2024.1359149 ISSN=2296-7745 ABSTRACT=
Ocean surface radiation measurement best practices have been developed as a first step to support the interoperability of radiation measurements across multiple ocean platforms and between land and ocean networks. This document describes the consensus by a working group of radiation measurement experts from land, ocean, and aircraft communities. The scope was limited to broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (terrestrial infrared) surface irradiance measurements for quantification of the surface radiation budget. Best practices for spectral measurements for biological purposes like photosynthetically active radiation and ocean color are only mentioned briefly to motivate future interactions between the physical surface flux and biological radiation measurement communities. Topics discussed in these best practices include instrument selection, handling of sensors and installation, data quality monitoring, data processing, and calibration. It is recognized that platform and resource limitations may prohibit incorporating all best practices into all measurements and that spatial coverage is also an important motivator for expanding current networks. Thus, one of the key recommendations is to perform interoperability experiments that can help quantify the uncertainty of different practices and lay the groundwork for a multi-tiered global network with a mix of high-accuracy reference stations and lower-cost platforms and practices that can fill in spatial gaps.