Kang-le Lu
Samad Rahimnejad
Song-lin Li
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- 1Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.China, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- 2South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
- 3College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
Editorial on the Research Topic
Omics and Fish Nutrition
According to a new report published by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2020), global fish production reached around 179 million tons and aquaculture production accounted for 63.7% of the total production. The rapid expansion of aquaculture industry has been associated with numerous challenges such as shortage of resources for sustainable production of aquafeeds (Zhou et al., 2019; Bruni et al., 2021). For a long time, the focus of traditional fish nutrition studies has been primarily on nutrients requirement and fish metabolism, but nowadays the interaction of nutrients and physiological responses has drawn attention of fish nutritionists. Omics technologies including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have made a large contribution to better understanding of fish response to nutrients and dietary manipulations. The omics approaches have been successfully implemented for exploring the molecular basis of complex traits such as feed efficiency, muscle myopathies, immunity, and disease tolerance (Vallejos-Vidal et al., Vallejos-Vidal et al., 2022).
Transcriptomics in Understanding Fish Performance
Transcriptomics is often used in identifying the expression of genes in mRNA transcripts in response to different factors. Nutrients can modify gene transcription and translation thereby regulating the animals’ growth and reproduction performances. For example, the liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that n-3 LC-PUFA can promote the ovary development through upregulating the expression of vitellogenesis and zonagenesis related genes (Wang et al., 2021). It was earlier assumed that protein requirement of fish cultured under optimal and high temperatures differs, and interestingly the transcriptomic analysis in a recent study indicated that such variations in dietary protein requirement are associated with the metabolic alterations of three major nutrients in the liver (Cai et al., 2020).
Proteomics in Evaluating Protein Metabolism
Proteomic analysis has been employed as an efficient and useful tool in assessment of the metabolism of proteins. For example, it suggested that different forms of lysine and leucine affect the absorption, synthesis and degradation of protein and ultimately the fish growth (Wei et al.). Moreover, the proteomics suggested that the impairment of growth performance in fish fed terrestrial proteins corresponds with the inhibition of cellular protein biosynthesis (Cao et al.). In the future, proteomics could be implemented as a key tool for understanding the role of specific amino acids in satisfying the physiological needs of fish.
Metabolomics Promotes New Insights in Fish Nutrition
Metabolomics can provide new insight into the alterations of nutrients metabolism by identifying small molecule metabolites. The results obtained from metabolomics can indicate the holistic vision of fish metabolism and health monitoring (Roques et al., 2019). Fish fed plant-based diets showed metabolic disturbances illustrated by lower muscle PUFA concentration. Moreover, the metabolomics data revealed the increased muscle malate, fumarate and glycine concentrations which are associated with energy metabolism (Wei et al., 2017). Also, metabolomic analysis suggested that taurine modulates carbohydrate, amino acids, and lipids metabolic pathways in Nile tilapia (Shen et al., 2018). Furthermore, metabolomics results in a rainbow trout study indicated that fish fed the diets in which fish meal and fish oil were replaced with alternative sources exhibited higher energy requirements (Cao et al.).
Overall, omics provides a global insight into molecular response and metabolism of fish in response to nutritional factors. In the future, it could provide novel methods and specific markers for evaluating the nutritional and health status of fish. It will also contribute to elucidating the hidden effects of specific nutrients or feedstuffs in fish.
Author Contributions
K-LL and SR were responsible for the idea of this Research Topic and wrote and reviewed this editorial. S-LL contributed to the review of the editorial. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Funding
This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072984), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2020J01664) and Shanghai Talent Development Fund (2019097).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s Note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
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Cai L., Wang L., Song K., Lu K., Zhang C., Rahimnejad S. (2020). Evaluation of Protein Requirement of Spotted Seabass (Lateolabrax Maculatus) Under Two Temperatures, and the Liver Transcriptome Response to Thermal Stress. Aquaculture 516, 734615. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734615
FAO (2020). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in Action. Rome: FAO. doi: 10.4060/ca9229en
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Shen G., Huang Y., Dong J., Wang X., Cheng K. K., Feng J., et al. (2018). Metabolic Effect of Dietary Taurine Supplementation on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Nilotictus) Evaluated by NMR-Based Metabolomics. J. Agr. Food Chem. 66, 368–377. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03182
Vallejos-Vidal E., Reyes-Cerpa S., Tort L., Polo J., Reyes-López F. E., Gisbert E. (2022). Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Promotes the Association Between Metabolic and Immunological Processes at Transcriptional Level in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata) Gut. Front. Marine. Sci. 9. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.814233
Wang T., Jiang D., Shi H., Mustapha U. F., Deng S., Liu Z., et al. (2021). Liver Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Revealed a Regulated Expression Pattern of Genes in Adult Female Spotted Scat (Scatophagus Argus). Front. Marine. Sci. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.784845
Wei Y., Liang M., Mai K., Zheng K., Xu H. (2017). 1h NMR–based Metabolomics Studies on the Effect of Size-Fractionated Fish Protein Hydrolysate, Fish Meal and Plant Protein in Diet for Juvenile Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus L.). Aquac. Nutr. 23, 523–536. doi: 10.1111/anu.12420
Keywords: aquafeed, metabolomics, transcriptomics, nutrients, proteomics
Citation: Lu K-l, Rahimnejad S and Li S-l (2022) Editorial: Omics and Fish Nutrition. Front. Mar. Sci. 9:912884. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.912884
Received: 05 April 2022; Accepted: 11 May 2022;
Published: 25 May 2022.
Edited and reviewed by:
Yngvar Olsen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NorwayCopyright © 2022 Lu, Rahimnejad and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Song-lin Li, c2xsaUBzaG91LmVkdS5jbg==