AUTHOR=Zhang Weiqian , Zhang Qingchun , Smith Kirsty F. , Qiu Limei , Liu Chao , Yin Xiaoting , Liu Qing TITLE=Development of Specific DNA Barcodes for the Dinophyceae Family Kareniaceae and Their Application in the South China Sea JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.851605 DOI=10.3389/fmars.2022.851605 ISSN=2296-7745 ABSTRACT=
Species from the family Kareniaceae (Dinophyceae) frequently cause harmful algal blooms (HABs), with serious ecological impacts and risks to human safety and aquaculture activities in coastal waters worldwide. However, due to their small size, lack of morphological divergence, and low abundance during non-bloom periods, the diversity within this family is not well understood. By comparing the commonly used molecular markers, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was found to have an appropriate mutation rate to distinguish three of the most common genera (