AUTHOR=Zhang Meizhen , Shen Chenghao , Liang Haiying , Wu Yuyuan , Liang Bidan 

TITLE=Molecular cloning and function of two tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors genes (TRAF2 and TRAF4) from Pinctada fucata martensii

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Marine Science

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1082975

DOI=10.3389/fmars.2022.1082975

ISSN=2296-7745

ABSTRACT=<p>Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) have been studied in a few mollusks and participate in various biological processes, like apoptosis, immune response, stress, and inflammatory response. However, TRAFs’ function and mechanism of pearl oysters (<italic>Pinctada fucata martensii</italic>) are still unclear. In this study, the novel <italic>PmTRAF2</italic> and <italic>PmTRAF4</italic> from <italic>P. f. martensii</italic> were cloned by rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends and their mRNA expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The interacting protein of PmTRAF2 was verified by the yeast two-hybrid assay. The result shows that full-length of <italic>PmTRAF2</italic> and <italic>PmTRAF4</italic> cDNA were 2055 bp and 2365 bp, respectively. The deduced PmTRAF2 and PmTRAF4 proteins contain TRAF-type zinc finger domain and MATH domain, while PmTRAF4 lacks a RING finger domain. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that PmTRAF2 and PmTRAF4 had high homology with the ortholog of other species. Phylogenic analysis indicated that PmTRAF4 clustered with the homolog protein of <italic>Mytilus edulis</italic> and <italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis</italic>, and PmTRAF2 has the closest genetic relationship to <italic>Crassostrea gigas</italic> TRAF2. The qPCR analysis revealed that <italic>PmTRAF2</italic> and <italic>PmTRAF4</italic> were expressed in all six tissues, and both of them were significantly expressed in hepatopancreas and gill (p &lt; 0.01). Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, polyinosinic acid (PolyI:C) stimulation, and nucleus insertion surgery, the transcripts of <italic>PmTRAF2</italic>, <italic>PmTRAF3</italic>, <italic>PmTRAF4</italic> and <italic>PmTRAF6</italic> in hepatopancreas were markedly changed at corresponding time points. These results have indicated that these genes may play a role in <italic>P. f. martensii</italic> innate immunity. Yeast two-hybrid assays show that PmTRAF2 interacts with PmTRAF6 but not PmTRAF3, potentially affecting downstream immune signaling pathways. Our findings provide new perspectives for further investigation of TRAFs’ immune mechanisms in bivalves.</p>