Corrigendum: Influence of Light Availability and Prey Type on the Growth and Photo-Physiological Rates of the Mixotroph Noctiluca scintillans

A Corrigendum on
Influence of Light Availability and Prey Type on the Growth and Photo-Physiological Rates of the Mixotroph Noctiluca scintillans

by Gomes, H. d. R., McKee, K., Mile, A., Thandapu, S., Al-Hashmi, K., Jiang, X., et al. (2018). Front. Mar. Sci. 5:374. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00374

In the original article, there was a mistake in the legend for Figure 3 as published. The legend was stated as “Growth rates (cells day⁻¹) over the course of the experiment for unfed Noctiluca and for Noctiluca fed P. foliaceum (Perid), P. tricornutum (Phaeod), T. weissflogii (Thalas), and Pyramimonas sp. (Pyram) and exposed to optimal (250 μE m⁻² s⁻¹, HL) and low light (10 μE m⁻² s⁻¹, LL). Data points represent means ± SE (n = 2)”. In this legend, the unit of Growth Rates was incorrectly stated as (cells day⁻¹) instead of day⁻¹. The correct legend appears below.

In the original article, there was also a mistake in the legend for Figures 2A,B which denotes line colors assigned to the various algal foods provided to Noctiluca. It should have read ‘Pyramimonas fed Noctiluca' instead of ‘Prasinomonas fed Noctiluca'. Additionally, cell counts for Day 0 were miscalculated. This Figure has been redrawn with the above mentioned two corrections. The corrected cell counts do not change the statistical results given in Supplementary Table 1.

FIGURE 2

Figure 2. (A,B) Growth response (Cells L⁻¹) of unfed Noctiluca and Noctiluca fed with prey and exposed to (A) optimal light (250 μE m⁻² s⁻¹, HL) (B) low light (10 μE m⁻² s⁻¹, LL). Data points represent means ± SE (n = 2).

In the original article, growth rates of Noctiluca scintillans (Noctiluca), which were calculated incorrectly, have been recalculated and Figure 3 has been revised to reflect these revised growth rates. The unit of Growth Rates which was erroneously stated as (cells day⁻¹) have been corrected to (day⁻¹) throughout the manuscript.

FIGURE 3

Figure 3. “Growth rates (day⁻¹) over the course of the experiment for unfed Noctiluca and for Noctiluca fed P. foliaceum (Perid), P. tricornutum (Phaeod), T. weissflogii (Thalas), and Pyramimonas sp. (Pyram) and exposed to optimal (250 mE m⁻² s⁻¹, HL) and low light (10 mE m⁻² s⁻¹, LL). Data points represent means ± SE (n = 2) (day⁻¹).”

A correction has been made to the abstract: The line “However, irrespective of the food provided, adequate light was required for Noctiluca to grow as evidenced by its maximum growth rates of 1.44 cells day⁻¹ when fed the preferred dinoflagellate Peridinium and exposed to optimal irradiance of 250 μE m⁻² s⁻¹ vs. growth rates of 0.18 cells day⁻¹ with the same food but at a low irradiance of 10 μE m⁻² s⁻¹” has been corrected to “However, irrespective of the food provided, adequate light was required for Noctiluca to grow as evidenced by its maximum growth rates of 0.3 day⁻¹ when fed the preferred dinoflagellate Peridinium and exposed to optimal irradiance of 250 μE m⁻² s⁻¹ vs. growth rates of 0.13 day⁻¹ with the same food but at a low irradiance of 10 μE m⁻² s⁻¹.”

A correction has been made to the Results Section, Sub Section Titled ‘Growth of Noctiluca With and Without Food' and paragraph 1, Page 6 to address the recalculated growth rates: “Growth rates for the preferred food Peridinium increased from 0.1 to 0.3 day⁻¹ after 2 days (Figure 3), the latter being the maximum growth rate achieved during the experiment in HL conditions. When Noctiluca was fed Phaeodactylum, the other preferred food, growth rates increased gradually with a maximum growth rate of 0.22 day⁻¹ after 14 days. HL exposed Thalassiosira fed Noctiluca did not show any growth for 5 days but a growth rate of 0.17 was observed after 2 days. Although HL Pyramimonas sp. fed Noctiluca, showed an increased growth rate of 0.2 day⁻¹ after 7 days, growth rates tapered off and Noctiluca cells did not show increases as observed for the preferred cultures (Figure 2A). Unfed Noctiluca achieved a maximal growth rate achieved of 0.17 day⁻¹ after 12 days but tapered off to almost negligible by end of the experiment. Growth rates were lower in the LL regime than in the HL regime (Paired t-test, p < 0.01), except in the case of unfed Noctiluca (after 12 days) wherein a highly inflated growth rate of almost 0.4 day⁻¹ was observed. We think this may have been a counting artifact because our duplicate counts after 7 days were highly disparate (67 vs. 1067). Average growth rate of fed cells (all foods) in HL was 0.12 day⁻¹ and for LL (all foods) it was 0.05 day⁻¹. In the case of HL exposed Peridinium and Phaeodactylum fed cultures, it should be noted that in spite of a decrease in growth rates between 14 and 27 days (Figure 3), the number of Noctilucacells still increased from about 19,600 to 25,500 cells L⁻¹ in the case of Peridinium fed Noctiluca and from 16,270 to 28,600 cells L⁻¹ in the case of Phaeodactylum fed Noctiluca (Figure 2). From day 14 to 21, in some cases LL adapted cells, also showed a small increase in growth rates (negligible to ~0.10 day⁻¹) which led to an increase in the number of cells by the end of the experiment (Figure 2B) and which could possibly be from acclimatization by endosymbionts to light levels which initially had been severely limiting.”

A correction has been made to the Discussion section and Paragraph 2: It should read as “Our recalculated growth rates are concurrent with those of Hansen et al. (2004), which were 0.14 day⁻¹ for HL and 0.058 day⁻¹ for LL at comparable irradiances.”

The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

References

Hansen, P. J., Miranda, L., and Azanza, R. (2004). Green Noctiluca scintillans: a dinoflagellate with its own greenhouse. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 275, 79–87. doi: 10.3354/meps275079

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