AUTHOR=Leon-Cabrera Sonia , Solís-Lozano Lourdes , Suárez-Álvarez Karina , González-Chávez Antonio , Béjar Yadira L., Robles-Díaz Guillermo , Escobedo Galileo 

TITLE=Hyperleptinemia is associated with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obese human beings

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2013

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/integrative-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnint.2013.00062

DOI=10.3389/fnint.2013.00062

ISSN=1662-5145

ABSTRACT=<p>Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that has been involved in hypothalamic and systemic inflammation, altered food-intake patterns, and metabolic dysfunction in obese mice. However, it remains unclear whether leptin has a relationship with parameters of systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in humans. We thus evaluated in a cross-sectional study the circulating levels of leptin in 40 non-obese and 41 obese Mexican individuals, examining their relationship with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 12, IL-10, central obesity, serum glucose and insulin levels, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Circulating levels of leptin, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, and insulin were measured by ELISA, while concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol were determined by enzymatic assays. As expected, serum levels of leptin exhibited a significant elevation in obese individuals as compared to non-obese subjects, showing a clear association with increased body mass index (<italic>r</italic> = 0.4173), central obesity (<italic>r</italic> = 0.4678), and body fat percentage (<italic>r</italic> = 0.3583). Furthermore, leptin also showed a strong relationship with serum TNF-α (<italic>r</italic> = 0.6989), IL-12 (<italic>r</italic> = 0.3093), and IL-10 (<italic>r</italic> = −0.5691). Interestingly, leptin was also significantly related with high concentrations of fasting glucose (<italic>r</italic> = 0.5227) and insulin (<italic>r</italic> = 0.2229), as well as elevated levels of insulin resistance (<italic>r</italic> = 0.3611) and circulating triglyceride (<italic>r</italic> = 0.4135). These results suggest that hyperleptinemia is strongly associated with the occurrence of low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic alteration in obese subjects. Further clinical research is still needed to determine whether hyperleptinemia may be a potential marker for recognizing the advent of obesity-related metabolic disorders in human beings.</p>