MINI REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Immunological Tolerance and Regulation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1602877
This article is part of the Research TopicImmunometabolism in Immunological Tolerance and Regulation: Novel Mechanisms and Clinical InterventionsView all 7 articles
Regulation of the Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy After Liver Transplantation
Provisionally accepted
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Liver transplantation (LT) is a primary treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, post-transplantation immune regulation is critical to graft survival and long-term patient outcomes. Following liver transplantation, the recipient’s immune system mounts a response against the graft, while the graft promotes anti-rejection immune reactions and the establishment of immune tolerance. In recent years, advances in the study of the immune microenvironment have provided new insights into post-transplantation immune regulation. Meanwhile, immunotherapy strategies have opened new possibilities for improving transplantation success rates and long-term survival. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy following liver transplantation, focusing on key components of the transplant immune microenvironment, their regulatory networks and mechanisms, major immunosuppressive strategies, emerging immunotherapeutic approaches, and current challenges. The aim was to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing clinical practice.
Keywords: End-Stage Liver Disease, Liver Transplantation, immune microenvironment, Immune Regulation, Immunotherapy
Received: 30 Mar 2025; Accepted: 22 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lan, Wu, Zuo, Yang, Pan and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yu Zhang, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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