MINI REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1595486
This article is part of the Research TopicIntegrative AI and Multi-Omics: Precision Medicine in Immuno-InflammationView all 4 articles
Bile acid-mediated gut-liver axis crosstalk: the role of nuclear receptor signaling in dynamic regulation of inflammatory networks
Provisionally accepted
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Bile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key receptors, including Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and TGR5, to modulate inflammation. FXR exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and cytokine production, whereas TGR5 primarily regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dysregulated BA signaling, driven by microbial dysbiosis, exacerbates inflammatory diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review explores the intricate roles of BAs in inflammation, highlighting the microbiome's influence on BA metabolism and immune responses. Understanding the BA-immune axis offers new therapeutic avenues for modulating inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in inflammatory diseases.
Keywords: Bile acid metabolism, Gut-liver axis, FXR, tgr5, Inflammatory network, intestinal flora, nuclear receptor signaling
Received: 18 Mar 2025; Accepted: 15 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Long Yan, Zhang and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lingfen Xu, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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