ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Comparative Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1592806
This article is part of the Research TopicInnate immunity in fish: responses and adaptations to diverse aquatic environmentsView all articles
Dietary phosphorus restriction induced phospholipid deficiency, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory response and gut microbiota disorders in Lateolabrax maculatus
Provisionally accepted
Zixiang Wu1,2
Jiarong Guo1,2
Kang-le Lu1,2Kai Song1,2
Ling Wang1,2Ruijuan Ma1,2
Xueshan Li1,2*
Chunxiao Zhang1,2*- 1State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- 2Jimei University, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Xiamen, China
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This study evaluated the effects of low phosphorus on spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) from the perspective of phospholipid content and function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammatory response and gut microbiota. Two diets were prepared to contain available phosphorus levels of 0.37% (low-phosphorus, LP) and 0.75% (normal-phosphorus, NP) and feed fish (3.53 ± 0.34 g) to satiety twice daily for 10 weeks. Compared with fish fed the NP diet, fish fed the LP diet showed lower body weight gain and higher abdominal fat percentage. Further studies showed that the LP diet decreased the content of phospholipid in the serum, liver, and abdominal fat tissue and induced ER stress and disruption of lipid metabolism in both of the liver and abdominal fat tissue and inflammatory responses in abdominal fat tissue. Furthermore, compared with fish fed the NP diet, the LP diet reduced microbial diversity in the gut. In contrast to fish fed the NP diet, fish fed the LP diet exhibited a decrease in the abundance of potential metabolically promoted probiotics (e.g., Lactococcus lactis) and an increase in the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Plesiomonas) in the gut. The results of PICRUSt2 functional prediction also validated the metabolic disorders occurring in fish fed the LP diet as well as the reduced metabolic capacity. These results suggested that the LP diet decreased phospholipid content, induced ER stress and inflammatory responses then disturbed lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in spotted seabass. These negative effects contributed to poorer growth and higher percentage of abdominal fat in spotted seabass fed the LP diet than those of spotted seabass fed the NP diet.
Keywords: Spotted seabass, low phosphorus diet, Gut Microbiota, Lipid Metabolism, Inflammatory Response, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Received: 13 Mar 2025; Accepted: 21 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wu, Guo, Lu, Song, Wang, Ma, Li and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xueshan Li, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
Chunxiao Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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