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REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Alloimmunity and Transplantation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1580369
Novel insights and an updated review of metabolic syndrome in immune-mediated organ transplant rejection
Provisionally accepted
Xi Zhang *
Zetong Tao 
Zilong Luo Zifeng Zou Weicong Ye 
Yanglin Hao 
Xiaohan Li 
Zheng Kexiao 
Jie Wu Jiahong Xia Yang Zhao * Yongjun Wang *- Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of symptoms that are characterized by abnormal changes in metabolic substances such as glucose, lipids, proteins, and bile acids. MetS is a common complication after organ transplantation and can further affect the survival and physiological function of the graft by reprograming the patient's immune environment. Additionally, MetS can influence the occurrence of post-transplant complications, such as infections. In recent years, research into the epidemiology and mechanisms of MetS has grown significantly. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of MetS after transplantation and the mechanisms of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, abnormal bile acids, and abnormal amino acids on the body's immune cells as related to the effect of metabolic disorders on immune rejection after liver, kidney, heart, skin and other organ transplantation.Finally, we provide an overview of current treatment strategies and offer insights into potential future therapies for managing MetS in transplant recipients.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome1, organ transplantation2, Transplant Rejection3, Immune System4, Metabolites and Immune Cell5 Metabolic Syndrome, Organ Transplantation, transplant rejection, Immune System
Received: 20 Feb 2025; Accepted: 31 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Tao, Luo, Zou, Ye, Hao, Li, Kexiao, Wu, Xia, Zhao and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xi Zhang, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Yang Zhao, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Yongjun Wang, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.