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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Comparative Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1575644
This article is part of the Research Topic Community Series in Aquatic Nutrition and Intestine Immunity: Volume II View all 4 articles
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L-Glutamate is a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning it can become essential under specific conditions, like stress or disease. It is an abundant intracellular amino acid crucial in immune responses. Supplementation of feed with key amino acids, such as glutamate, can optimize growth and have other health benefits for production animals. Most research on dietary amino acid supplementation has focused on mammalian models, thus this research turned to hybrid striped bass, a teleost fish of growing importance to the aquaculture industry. The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with 0% or 5% glutamate in hybrid striped bass on intestinal mucosal immunity. The basal purified diet contained crystalline amino acids, including 3% L-glutamate. After an 8-week period of dietary supplementation with 5% glutamate followed by lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the intestinal mucosa was analyzed at the cellular and molecular levels to compare with the head kidney to assess potential changes in immune reactivity. One week after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, glutamate supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the whole-body growth of fish without lipopolysaccharide challenge, total respiratory burst (the sum of O2– and H2O2 production) in head kidney leukocytes, the net production of H2O2 in intestinal mucosal leukocytes, and upregulation of expression of mRNAs for IL-1β, TNF-α, and IgT in the gut mucosa. Dietary supplementation with 5% L-glutamate may modulate intestinal mucosal immunity and improve growth in HSB to enhance disease resistance. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism and cost-effective application.
Keywords: intestinal mucosa1, glutamate2, nutrition3, leukocytes4, Immune response5, Reactive oxygen species6, hybrid striped bass7, aquaculture8
Received: 12 Feb 2025; Accepted: 10 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hissen, He, Wu and Criscitiello. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Guoyao Wu, Texas A and M University, College Station, United States
Michael F Criscitiello, Texas A and M University, College Station, United States
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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