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REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1573037
Nanotechnology-Driven Advances in Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Systems Against Infectious Diseases
Provisionally accepted
Zhihan Zhang1
Yumeng Yang1Liwen Huang1Lei Yuan1Sijian Huang1Zihang Zeng1Yuan Cao1Xianghong Wei1
Xiaomei Wang1
Mingsong Shi2
Maohua Zhong1*- 1Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- 2Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
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Outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have consistently threatened human health. Since vaccinations are a powerful tool for preventing infectious illnesses, developing new vaccines is essential. Compared to traditional injectable vaccines, mucosal vaccines have the potential to offer more effective immune protection at mucosal sites. Mucosal immunization strategies include sublingual, oral, intranasal, genital, and rectal routes, in which intranasal immunization being the most efficient and applicable method for mucosal vaccine delivery.Nevertheless, low antigen availability and weak immunogenicity making it challenging to elicit a potent immune response when administered intranasally, necessitating the incorporation of immune delivery systems. However, there is a notable absence of reviews that summarize the intranasal vaccine delivery system against infectious disease. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in intranasal delivery systems, classified by physical and chemical properties, and proposes potential improvement strategies for clinical translation. This review elucidates the potential and current status of intranasal delivery systems, while also serving as a reference point for the future development of intranasal vaccines.
Keywords: Infectious Disease, Vaccine, Mucosal vaccination, Intranasal immunization, delivery system
Received: 10 Feb 2025; Accepted: 11 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Yang, Huang, Yuan, Huang, Zeng, Cao, Wei, Wang, Shi and Zhong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Maohua Zhong, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.